Benchmarks Results

Test Methods

Running tests

lein with-profile bench,small-heap,parallel run

Benchmarks framework

Criterium is used to run quick benchmarks.

Profiles

Benchmarks are run on all combinations of the following:

• heap size: big (9G), medium (5G), small (2G).
• Garbage collection: parallel, G1

Tests details

assoc

Assoc and fast assoc performance are tested with maps and records.

assoc-in

Assoc-in is tested vs. an inlined implementation with vanilla maps, gets and assoc, all core functions.

get

get was tested on map, record and fast-map, fast-get was tested on fast-map.

Moreover, different get methods were tested:

• map on keyword.
• keyword on map.
• keyword on record.
• .get from record.
• .field from record.

merge

Fast map merge

fast map merge was implemented by Metosin and uses kv-reduce to assoc one map into another. Was compared vs. regular merge.

Inline Merge

Two different implementations of inlining merge were tested, one based on the core implementation of merge, and one on Metosin's.

get-in

get-in was tested against an inlined implementation.

select-keys

select-keys was tested against an inlined implementation.

Results Summary

assoc

NOTE: the first result is surprising as it does not correlate with benchmarks run in the REPL. Requires further study.

• assoc to record ~twice as fast as associng to map.
• fast-assoc ~ 5.7% faster than assoc. (Metosin)

Assoc-in

• the inlined implementation is always faster and exhibits compounding returns for deeper maps.

get

NOTE: Same case as the assoc experiment, with benchmarks results being the opposite of what's measured in a running REPL.

• get from record ~50% slower than from map.
• fast-get from fast-map ~ 8.4% faster than getting from regular map. (Metosin)
• map on keyword > keyword on map > get from map (ordered by speed)
• field from record > keyword on record > .get from record > get from record.

merge

Fast Map merge

Distinctly faster than regular merge, by about 30%, but differences might depend on map sizes, so more benchmarks are required.

Inline merge & fast merge

Sees diminishing returns on the benefit of merging more maps, but the speedup is measurable.

get-in

Inline implementation faster by a factor of 4-5.

select-keys

Inline implementation faster by a factor of 10 or more, depends on the number of selected keys.

heap	gc	test	execution time mean
big	g1	assoc to map	60.603761 ns
big	g1	assoc to record	38.332317 ns
big	g1	fast-assoc to map	58.735587 ns
big	g1	fast-assoc to record	39.049585 ns
big	g1	assoc-in 1	59.427094 ns
big	g1	assoc-in 2	87.421121 ns
big	g1	assoc-in 3	184.219410 ns
big	g1	assoc-in 4	211.092112 ns
big	g1	inline-assoc-in 1	39.376813 ns
big	g1	inline-assoc-in 2	125.912361 ns
big	g1	inline-assoc-in 3	139.318034 ns
big	g1	inline-assoc-in 4	148.861730 ns
big	g1	update-in 1	152.947998 ns
big	g1	inline-update-in 1	147.596307 ns
big	g1	update-in 2	212.675980 ns
big	g1	inline-update-in 2	163.617075 ns
big	g1	update-in 3	255.303195 ns
big	g1	inline-update-in 3	191.001550 ns
big	g1	update-in 4	294.511887 ns
big	g1	inline-update-in 4	217.878713 ns
big	g1	get from map	11.339306 ns
big	g1	map on keyword	8.574417 ns
big	g1	keyword on map	10.460608 ns
big	g1	get from record	14.457372 ns
big	g1	keyword on record	5.998421 ns
big	g1	.get from record	12.510472 ns
big	g1	get field from record	3.684584 ns
big	g1	get from fast-map	38.197091 ns
big	g1	fast-get from fast-map	7.799408 ns
big	g1	merge maps	457.884247 ns
big	g1	fast merge maps	341.036887 ns
big	g1	merge 2 maps	506.583409 ns
big	g1	inline merge 2 maps	420.007590 ns
big	g1	inline fast merge 2 maps	344.121518 ns
big	g1	merge 3 maps	1.664652 µs
big	g1	inline merge 3 maps	1.490882 µs
big	g1	inline fast merge 3 maps	1.443558 µs
big	g1	merge 4 maps	1.954119 µs
big	g1	inline merge 4 maps	1.797741 µs
big	g1	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.774046 µs
big	g1	get-in 1	39.786330 ns
big	g1	fast get-in 1	10.344779 ns
big	g1	get some in 1	5.947930 ns
big	g1	get-in 2	57.110968 ns
big	g1	fast get-in 2	18.057849 ns
big	g1	get some in 2	10.442508 ns
big	g1	get-in 3	73.667482 ns
big	g1	fast get-in 3	25.383331 ns
big	g1	get some in 3	13.199312 ns
big	g1	get-in 4	86.140015 ns
big	g1	fast get-in 4	33.072601 ns
big	g1	get some in 4	17.824613 ns
big	g1	select 1/4 keys	192.296473 ns
big	g1	fast select 1/4 keys	24.456551 ns
big	g1	select 2/4 keys	276.708812 ns
big	g1	fast select 2/4 keys	32.690009 ns
big	g1	select 3/4 keys	366.079642 ns
big	g1	fast select 3/4 keys	44.340308 ns
big	g1	select 4/4 keys	463.241990 ns
big	g1	fast select 4/4 keys	56.175028 ns
big	parallel	assoc to map	32.371441 ns
big	parallel	assoc to record	19.345769 ns
big	parallel	fast-assoc to map	30.053994 ns
big	parallel	fast-assoc to record	16.126589 ns
big	parallel	assoc-in 1	49.492236 ns
big	parallel	assoc-in 2	69.415102 ns
big	parallel	assoc-in 3	167.128542 ns
big	parallel	assoc-in 4	189.282406 ns
big	parallel	inline-assoc-in 1	27.377661 ns
big	parallel	inline-assoc-in 2	106.761482 ns
big	parallel	inline-assoc-in 3	112.802275 ns
big	parallel	inline-assoc-in 4	121.005657 ns
big	parallel	update-in 1	134.903868 ns
big	parallel	inline-update-in 1	135.611914 ns
big	parallel	update-in 2	193.789099 ns
big	parallel	inline-update-in 2	154.667823 ns
big	parallel	update-in 3	235.722744 ns
big	parallel	inline-update-in 3	184.080886 ns
big	parallel	update-in 4	280.051438 ns
big	parallel	inline-update-in 4	214.153675 ns
big	parallel	get from map	10.338142 ns
big	parallel	map on keyword	8.876696 ns
big	parallel	keyword on map	9.502878 ns
big	parallel	get from record	14.311665 ns
big	parallel	keyword on record	6.190041 ns
big	parallel	.get from record	11.535257 ns
big	parallel	get field from record	3.636666 ns
big	parallel	get from fast-map	34.894720 ns
big	parallel	fast-get from fast-map	7.051884 ns
big	parallel	merge maps	333.429777 ns
big	parallel	fast merge maps	226.055813 ns
big	parallel	merge 2 maps	362.941200 ns
big	parallel	inline merge 2 maps	281.370760 ns
big	parallel	inline fast merge 2 maps	227.559517 ns
big	parallel	merge 3 maps	1.176878 µs
big	parallel	inline merge 3 maps	1.049544 µs
big	parallel	inline fast merge 3 maps	997.989050 ns
big	parallel	merge 4 maps	1.476614 µs
big	parallel	inline merge 4 maps	1.280925 µs
big	parallel	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.256592 µs
big	parallel	get-in 1	39.999427 ns
big	parallel	fast get-in 1	10.316292 ns
big	parallel	get some in 1	5.910026 ns
big	parallel	get-in 2	51.284549 ns
big	parallel	fast get-in 2	17.784598 ns
big	parallel	get some in 2	10.200495 ns
big	parallel	get-in 3	68.618918 ns
big	parallel	fast get-in 3	25.367662 ns
big	parallel	get some in 3	13.067672 ns
big	parallel	get-in 4	82.598429 ns
big	parallel	fast get-in 4	19.698458 ns
big	parallel	get some in 4	17.315701 ns
big	parallel	select 1/4 keys	172.930122 ns
big	parallel	fast select 1/4 keys	11.368870 ns
big	parallel	select 2/4 keys	213.377422 ns
big	parallel	fast select 2/4 keys	16.799935 ns
big	parallel	select 3/4 keys	274.118673 ns
big	parallel	fast select 3/4 keys	24.881389 ns
big	parallel	select 4/4 keys	312.094822 ns
big	parallel	fast select 4/4 keys	34.382155 ns
med	g1	assoc to map	48.017200 ns
med	g1	assoc to record	20.643270 ns
med	g1	fast-assoc to map	46.291795 ns
med	g1	fast-assoc to record	25.650662 ns
med	g1	assoc-in 1	43.117304 ns
med	g1	assoc-in 2	67.682634 ns
med	g1	assoc-in 3	172.921140 ns
med	g1	assoc-in 4	198.950834 ns
med	g1	inline-assoc-in 1	22.610115 ns
med	g1	inline-assoc-in 2	31.903842 ns
med	g1	inline-assoc-in 3	42.472088 ns
med	g1	inline-assoc-in 4	50.987722 ns
med	g1	update-in 1	140.507125 ns
med	g1	inline-update-in 1	139.058500 ns
med	g1	update-in 2	203.525480 ns
med	g1	inline-update-in 2	153.105318 ns
med	g1	update-in 3	240.717953 ns
med	g1	inline-update-in 3	174.664928 ns
med	g1	update-in 4	276.727790 ns
med	g1	inline-update-in 4	199.965659 ns
med	g1	get from map	8.834362 ns
med	g1	map on keyword	5.912481 ns
med	g1	keyword on map	7.808933 ns
med	g1	get from record	11.003575 ns
med	g1	keyword on record	3.749699 ns
med	g1	.get from record	8.644511 ns
med	g1	get field from record	2.704952 ns
med	g1	get from fast-map	35.390073 ns
med	g1	fast-get from fast-map	6.566297 ns
med	g1	merge maps	447.927732 ns
med	g1	fast merge maps	324.039570 ns
med	g1	merge 2 maps	487.202800 ns
med	g1	inline merge 2 maps	408.914161 ns
med	g1	inline fast merge 2 maps	322.729569 ns
med	g1	merge 3 maps	1.667746 µs
med	g1	inline merge 3 maps	1.512118 µs
med	g1	inline fast merge 3 maps	1.436334 µs
med	g1	merge 4 maps	1.993162 µs
med	g1	inline merge 4 maps	1.815098 µs
med	g1	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.804004 µs
med	g1	get-in 1	34.169670 ns
med	g1	fast get-in 1	5.289748 ns
med	g1	get some in 1	4.243272 ns
med	g1	get-in 2	48.283999 ns
med	g1	fast get-in 2	8.627374 ns
med	g1	get some in 2	7.429364 ns
med	g1	get-in 3	66.763657 ns
med	g1	fast get-in 3	11.984588 ns
med	g1	get some in 3	9.202201 ns
med	g1	get-in 4	79.162261 ns
med	g1	fast get-in 4	14.872275 ns
med	g1	get some in 4	11.299371 ns
med	g1	select 1/4 keys	176.967376 ns
med	g1	fast select 1/4 keys	11.581138 ns
med	g1	select 2/4 keys	255.269173 ns
med	g1	fast select 2/4 keys	17.749808 ns
med	g1	select 3/4 keys	332.351710 ns
med	g1	fast select 3/4 keys	27.370380 ns
med	g1	select 4/4 keys	409.945355 ns
med	g1	fast select 4/4 keys	35.948932 ns
med	parallel	assoc to map	32.652118 ns
med	parallel	assoc to record	20.071973 ns
med	parallel	fast-assoc to map	30.042532 ns
med	parallel	fast-assoc to record	15.483539 ns
med	parallel	assoc-in 1	49.995857 ns
med	parallel	assoc-in 2	71.163329 ns
med	parallel	assoc-in 3	163.669857 ns
med	parallel	assoc-in 4	182.472549 ns
med	parallel	inline-assoc-in 1	28.230009 ns
med	parallel	inline-assoc-in 2	105.898229 ns
med	parallel	inline-assoc-in 3	114.227061 ns
med	parallel	inline-assoc-in 4	121.748115 ns
med	parallel	update-in 1	146.082382 ns
med	parallel	inline-update-in 1	139.446354 ns
med	parallel	update-in 2	206.589125 ns
med	parallel	inline-update-in 2	155.998110 ns
med	parallel	update-in 3	246.369180 ns
med	parallel	inline-update-in 3	186.458825 ns
med	parallel	update-in 4	290.608633 ns
med	parallel	inline-update-in 4	221.029629 ns
med	parallel	get from map	10.214164 ns
med	parallel	map on keyword	7.584589 ns
med	parallel	keyword on map	10.197128 ns
med	parallel	get from record	13.653376 ns
med	parallel	keyword on record	5.386355 ns
med	parallel	.get from record	11.545223 ns
med	parallel	get field from record	2.887781 ns
med	parallel	get from fast-map	34.650105 ns
med	parallel	fast-get from fast-map	8.487544 ns
med	parallel	merge maps	347.013400 ns
med	parallel	fast merge maps	226.685897 ns
med	parallel	merge 2 maps	362.919701 ns
med	parallel	inline merge 2 maps	293.498301 ns
med	parallel	inline fast merge 2 maps	223.999555 ns
med	parallel	merge 3 maps	1.191610 µs
med	parallel	inline merge 3 maps	1.060675 µs
med	parallel	inline fast merge 3 maps	1.028475 µs
med	parallel	merge 4 maps	1.481805 µs
med	parallel	inline merge 4 maps	1.267463 µs
med	parallel	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.299272 µs
med	parallel	get-in 1	43.327491 ns
med	parallel	fast get-in 1	9.256784 ns
med	parallel	get some in 1	5.114690 ns
med	parallel	get-in 2	51.754609 ns
med	parallel	fast get-in 2	17.045797 ns
med	parallel	get some in 2	9.199258 ns
med	parallel	get-in 3	67.543169 ns
med	parallel	fast get-in 3	23.886607 ns
med	parallel	get some in 3	11.760107 ns
med	parallel	get-in 4	81.026015 ns
med	parallel	fast get-in 4	30.731871 ns
med	parallel	get some in 4	16.774926 ns
med	parallel	select 1/4 keys	165.262113 ns
med	parallel	fast select 1/4 keys	10.629346 ns
med	parallel	select 2/4 keys	215.158509 ns
med	parallel	fast select 2/4 keys	16.485982 ns
med	parallel	select 3/4 keys	261.335112 ns
med	parallel	fast select 3/4 keys	25.094703 ns
med	parallel	select 4/4 keys	319.062781 ns
med	parallel	fast select 4/4 keys	33.688716 ns
small	g1	assoc to map	47.666145 ns
small	g1	assoc to record	24.798200 ns
small	g1	fast-assoc to map	45.433991 ns
small	g1	fast-assoc to record	26.473440 ns
small	g1	assoc-in 1	57.366398 ns
small	g1	assoc-in 2	161.849693 ns
small	g1	assoc-in 3	193.376447 ns
small	g1	assoc-in 4	216.236068 ns
small	g1	inline-assoc-in 1	34.896216 ns
small	g1	inline-assoc-in 2	44.813208 ns
small	g1	inline-assoc-in 3	53.825374 ns
small	g1	inline-assoc-in 4	63.011021 ns
small	g1	update-in 1	152.824818 ns
small	g1	inline-update-in 1	146.139102 ns
small	g1	update-in 2	220.670602 ns
small	g1	inline-update-in 2	178.283010 ns
small	g1	update-in 3	272.357914 ns
small	g1	inline-update-in 3	210.222583 ns
small	g1	update-in 4	323.837439 ns
small	g1	inline-update-in 4	241.690539 ns
small	g1	get from map	6.890287 ns
small	g1	map on keyword	5.983850 ns
small	g1	keyword on map	7.379764 ns
small	g1	get from record	11.147459 ns
small	g1	keyword on record	3.900881 ns
small	g1	.get from record	8.578816 ns
small	g1	get field from record	3.021558 ns
small	g1	get from fast-map	34.433630 ns
small	g1	fast-get from fast-map	6.437504 ns
small	g1	merge maps	443.831947 ns
small	g1	fast merge maps	322.338372 ns
small	g1	merge 2 maps	480.732274 ns
small	g1	inline merge 2 maps	397.315515 ns
small	g1	inline fast merge 2 maps	331.951032 ns
small	g1	merge 3 maps	1.625117 µs
small	g1	inline merge 3 maps	1.475430 µs
small	g1	inline fast merge 3 maps	1.434441 µs
small	g1	merge 4 maps	1.944576 µs
small	g1	inline merge 4 maps	1.729100 µs
small	g1	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.758550 µs
small	g1	get-in 1	34.282855 ns
small	g1	fast get-in 1	5.547193 ns
small	g1	get some in 1	4.647768 ns
small	g1	get-in 2	42.763183 ns
small	g1	fast get-in 2	8.872948 ns
small	g1	get some in 2	6.904743 ns
small	g1	get-in 3	61.994779 ns
small	g1	fast get-in 3	11.837029 ns
small	g1	get some in 3	8.724223 ns
small	g1	get-in 4	73.568642 ns
small	g1	fast get-in 4	15.524171 ns
small	g1	get some in 4	10.565953 ns
small	g1	select 1/4 keys	175.533348 ns
small	g1	fast select 1/4 keys	11.462009 ns
small	g1	select 2/4 keys	254.691261 ns
small	g1	fast select 2/4 keys	17.650708 ns
small	g1	select 3/4 keys	340.676613 ns
small	g1	fast select 3/4 keys	27.556893 ns
small	g1	select 4/4 keys	413.283392 ns
small	g1	fast select 4/4 keys	37.457283 ns
small	parallel	assoc to map	35.119336 ns
small	parallel	assoc to record	16.812822 ns
small	parallel	fast-assoc to map	31.005039 ns
small	parallel	fast-assoc to record	16.537999 ns
small	parallel	assoc-in 1	48.362913 ns
small	parallel	assoc-in 2	67.516749 ns
small	parallel	assoc-in 3	164.549447 ns
small	parallel	assoc-in 4	182.822911 ns
small	parallel	inline-assoc-in 1	27.653108 ns
small	parallel	inline-assoc-in 2	34.917387 ns
small	parallel	inline-assoc-in 3	42.037604 ns
small	parallel	inline-assoc-in 4	50.553205 ns
small	parallel	update-in 1	135.826912 ns
small	parallel	inline-update-in 1	129.139195 ns
small	parallel	update-in 2	195.473361 ns
small	parallel	inline-update-in 2	156.309724 ns
small	parallel	update-in 3	234.387162 ns
small	parallel	inline-update-in 3	179.661130 ns
small	parallel	update-in 4	276.173607 ns
small	parallel	inline-update-in 4	206.638998 ns
small	parallel	get from map	8.142737 ns
small	parallel	map on keyword	6.804318 ns
small	parallel	keyword on map	8.481796 ns
small	parallel	get from record	14.686627 ns
small	parallel	keyword on record	4.603083 ns
small	parallel	.get from record	11.364444 ns
small	parallel	get field from record	3.116383 ns
small	parallel	get from fast-map	33.578521 ns
small	parallel	fast-get from fast-map	7.810883 ns
small	parallel	merge maps	332.567936 ns
small	parallel	fast merge maps	215.901561 ns
small	parallel	merge 2 maps	358.261884 ns
small	parallel	inline merge 2 maps	282.749681 ns
small	parallel	inline fast merge 2 maps	217.665055 ns
small	parallel	merge 3 maps	1.173280 µs
small	parallel	inline merge 3 maps	1.036088 µs
small	parallel	inline fast merge 3 maps	993.909129 ns
small	parallel	merge 4 maps	1.488247 µs
small	parallel	inline merge 4 maps	1.266443 µs
small	parallel	inline fast merge 4 maps	1.277996 µs
small	parallel	get-in 1	35.961353 ns
small	parallel	fast get-in 1	6.784345 ns
small	parallel	get some in 1	5.655861 ns
small	parallel	get-in 2	46.913183 ns
small	parallel	fast get-in 2	11.176587 ns
small	parallel	get some in 2	9.516190 ns
small	parallel	get-in 3	61.262515 ns
small	parallel	fast get-in 3	16.723093 ns
small	parallel	get some in 3	13.619676 ns
small	parallel	get-in 4	72.770708 ns
small	parallel	fast get-in 4	20.918450 ns
small	parallel	get some in 4	16.417517 ns
small	parallel	select 1/4 keys	168.064962 ns
small	parallel	fast select 1/4 keys	11.479721 ns
small	parallel	select 2/4 keys	215.831260 ns
small	parallel	fast select 2/4 keys	17.746165 ns
small	parallel	select 3/4 keys	265.468694 ns
small	parallel	fast select 3/4 keys	24.542730 ns
small	parallel	select 4/4 keys	312.513226 ns
small	parallel	fast select 4/4 keys	30.892997 ns