toucan2.connection — io.github.camsaul/toucan2 1.0.552

Connection Resolution

The rules for determining which connection to use are as follows. These are tried in order until one returns non-nil:

1. The connectable specified in the function arguments.

2. The toucan2.connection/*current-connectable*, if bound. This is bound automatically when using with-connection or with-transaction

3. The toucan2.model/default-connectable for the model resolved from the modelable in the function arguments;

4. The :default implementation of toucan2.connection/do-with-connection

You can define a 'named' connectable such as ::db by adding an implementation of toucan2.connection/do-with-connection, or use things like JDBC URL connection strings or [[clojure.java.jdbc]] connection properties maps directly.

IMPORTANT CAVEAT! Positional connectables will be used in preference to *current-connectable*, even when it was bound by with-transaction -- this means your query will run OUTSIDE of the current transaction! Sometimes, this is what you want, because maybe a certain query is meant to run against a different database! Usually, however, it is not! So in that case you can either do something like

(t2/query (or conn/*current-connectable* ::my-db) ...)

to use the current connection if it exists, or define your named connectable method like

(m/defmethod conn/do-with-connection ::my-db
  [_connectable f]
  (conn/do-with-connection
   (if (and conn/*current-connectable*
            (not= conn/*current-connectable* ::my-db))
       conn/*current-connectable*
       "jdbc:postgresql://...")
   f))

This, however, is super annoying! So I might reconsider this behavior in the future.

For reducible queries, the connection is not resolved until the query is executed, so you may create a reducible query with no default connection available and execute it later with one bound. (This also means that toucan2.execute/reducible-query does not capture dynamic bindings such as toucan2.connection/*current-connectable* -- you probably wouldn't want it to, anyway, since we have no guarantees and open connection will be around when we go to use the reducible query later.

The default JDBC implementations for methods here live in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]].

*current-connectable* clj

The current connectable or connection. If you get a connection with with-connection or with-transaction, it will be bound here. You can also bind this yourself to a connectable or connection, and Toucan methods called without an explicit will connectable will use it rather than the :default connection.

connection-string-protocol clj

(connection-string-protocol connection-string)

Extract the protocol part of a connection-string.

(connection-string-protocol "jdbc:postgresql:...")
=>
"jdbc"

do-with-connection clj

(do-with-connection connectable₁ f)

Take a connectable, get a connection of some sort from it, and execute (f connection) with an open connection. A normal implementation might look something like:

(m/defmethod t2.conn/do-with-connection ::my-connectable
  [_connectable f]
  (with-open [conn (get-connection)]
    (f conn)))

Another common use case is to define a 'named' connectable that acts as an alias for another more complicated connectable, such as a JDBC connection string URL. You can do that like this:

(m/defmethod t2.conn/do-with-connection ::a-connectable
  [_connectable f]
  (t2.conn/do-with-connection
   "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/toucan2?user=cam&password=cam"
   f))

do-with-connection is defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:70).

It caches methods using a methodical.impl.cache.watching.WatchingCache.

It uses the method combination methodical.impl.combo.threaded.ThreadingMethodCombination with the threading strategy :thread-last.

It uses the dispatcher methodical.impl.dispatcher.multi_default.MultiDefaultDispatcher with hierarchy #'clojure.core/global-hierarchy and prefs {javax.sql.DataSource #{clojure.lang.IPersistentMap}}.

The default value is :toucan2.connection/default.

It uses the method table methodical.impl.method_table.standard.StandardMethodTable.

These primary methods are known:

• :toucan2.connection/default, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:174)

• :default, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:184)

• nil, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:194)

  It has the following documentation:

  nil means use the current connection.

  The difference between nil and using *current-connectable* directly is that this waits until it gets resolved by do-with-connection to get the value for *current-connectable*. For a reducible query this means you'll get the value at the time you reduce the query rather than at the time you build the reducible query.

• java.lang.String, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:229)

  It has the following documentation:

  Implementation for Strings. Hands off to do-with-connection-string.

• java.sql.Connection, defined in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]] (toucan2/jdbc/connection.clj:11)

• javax.sql.DataSource, defined in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]] (toucan2/jdbc/connection.clj:15)

• clojure.lang.IPersistentMap, defined in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]] (toucan2/jdbc/connection.clj:20)

  It has the following documentation:

  Implementation for map connectables. Treats them as a clojure.java.jdbc-style connection spec map, converting them to a java.sql.DataSource with [[next.jdbc/get-datasource]].

These aux methods are known:

:around methods:

• :toucan2.connection/default, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:106)

  It has the following documentation:

  Do some debug logging/context capture. Bind *current-connectable* to the connection f is called with inside of f.

do-with-connection-string clj

(do-with-connection-string connection-string f)

Implementation of do-with-connection for strings. Dispatches on the connection-string-protocol of the string, e.g. "jdbc" for "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:3000/toucan".

do-with-connection-string is defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:220).

It caches methods using a methodical.impl.cache.watching.WatchingCache.

It uses the method combination methodical.impl.combo.threaded.ThreadingMethodCombination with the threading strategy :thread-last.

It uses the dispatcher methodical.impl.dispatcher.multi_default.MultiDefaultDispatcher with hierarchy #'clojure.core/global-hierarchy and prefs {}.

The default value is :default.

It uses the method table methodical.impl.method_table.standard.StandardMethodTable.

These primary methods are known:

• "jdbc", defined in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]] (toucan2/jdbc/connection.clj:29)

  It has the following documentation:

  Implementation of do-with-connection-string (and thus do-with-connection) for all strings starting with jdbc:. Calls java.sql.DriverManager/getConnection on the connection string.

do-with-transaction clj

(do-with-transaction connection₁ options f)

options are options for determining what type of transaction we'll get. See dox for with-transaction for more information.

do-with-transaction is defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:236).

It caches methods using a methodical.impl.cache.watching.WatchingCache.

It uses the method combination methodical.impl.combo.threaded.ThreadingMethodCombination with the threading strategy :thread-last.

It uses the dispatcher methodical.impl.dispatcher.multi_default.MultiDefaultDispatcher with hierarchy #'clojure.core/global-hierarchy and prefs {}.

The default value is :toucan2.connection/default.

It uses the method table methodical.impl.method_table.standard.StandardMethodTable.

These primary methods are known:

• java.sql.Connection, defined in [[toucan2.jdbc.connection]] (toucan2/jdbc/connection.clj:36)

These aux methods are known:

:around methods:

• :toucan2.connection/default, defined in toucan2.connection (toucan2/connection.clj:245)

  It has the following documentation:

  Bind *current-connectable* to the connection f is called with inside of f.

with-connection clj macro

(with-connection [connection-binding] & body)

(with-connection [connection-binding connectable] & body)

Execute body with an open connection. There are three ways to use this.

With no args in the bindings vector, with-connection will use the current connection -- *current-connectable* if one is bound, or the default connectable if not. See docstring for toucan2.connection for more information.

(t2/with-connection []
  ...)

With one arg, with-connection still uses the current connection, but binds it to something (conn in the example below):

(t2/with-connection [conn]
  ...)

If you're using the default JDBC backend, conn will be an instance of java.sql.Connection. Since Toucan 2 is also written to work with other backend besides JDBC, conn does not include java.sql.Connection :tag metadata! If you're doing Java interop with conn, make sure to tag it yourself:

 (t2/with-connection [^java.sql.Connection conn]
   (let [metadata (.getMetaData conn)]
     ...))

With a connection binding and a connectable:

(t2/with-connection [conn ::my-connectable]
  ...)

This example gets a connection by calling do-with-connection with ::my-connectable, ignoring the current connection.

with-transaction clj macro

(with-transaction [conn-binding connectable options?] & body)

Gets a connection with with-connection, and executes body within that transaction.

An options map, if specified, determine what sort of transaction we're asking for (stuff like the read isolation level and what not). One key, :nested-transaction-rule, is handled directly in Toucan 2; other options are passed directly to the underlying implementation, such as [[next.jdbc.transaction]].

:nested-transaction-rule must be one of #{:allow :ignore :prohibit}, a set of possibilities borrowed from next.jdbc. For non-JDBC implementations, you should treat :allow as the default behavior if unspecified.