Multiaddr aims to make network addresses future-proof, composable, and
efficient.

https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr

Multibase is a protocol for distinguishing base encodings and other simple
string encodings, and for ensuring full compatibility with program
interfaces.

https://github.com/multiformats/multibase

Hexadecimal base encoding implementation.

Binary base encoding implementation.

Base32 implementation from RFC 4648.

Base 58 encoding implementation variants.

Base64 implementation from RFC 4648.

Octal base encoding implementation.

CID is a self-describing content-addressed identifier. It uses cryptographic
hashing to identify content, multicodec packed codes to label the content
type, and multibase to encode the final identifier into a string.

https://github.com/ipld/cid

Multicodec is a multiformat which wraps other formats with a tiny bit of
self-description. A multicodec identifier may either be a varint (in a byte
string) or a character (in a text string).

https://github.com/multiformats/multicodec

Multihash is a protocol for differentiating outputs from various
well-established cryptographic hash functions, addressing size and encoding
considerations.

https://github.com/multiformats/multihash

...

Implementation of an MSB unsigned variable-size integer.

Unsigned integers are serialized 7 bits at a time, starting with the
least-significant bits. The highest bit (msb) in each output byte indicates
if there is a continuation byte.

https://github.com/multiformats/unsigned-varint