- *initial-report-counters*
- *load-tests*
- *report-counters*
- *stack-trace-depth*
- *test-out*
- *testing-contexts*
- *testing-vars*
- are
- assert-any
- assert-expr
- assert-predicate
- compose-fixtures
- deftest
- deftest-
- do-report
- file-position
- function?
- get-possibly-unbound-var
- inc-report-counter
- is
- join-fixtures
- report
- run-all-tests
- run-test
- run-test-var
- run-tests
- set-test
- successful?
- test-all-vars
- test-ns
- test-var
- test-vars
- testing
- testing-contexts-str
- testing-vars-str
- try-expr
- use-fixtures
- with-test
- with-test-out
clojure.test
A unit testing framework.
ASSERTIONS
The core of the library is the "is" macro, which lets you make assertions of any arbitrary expression:
(is (= 4 (+ 2 2))) (is (instance? Integer 256)) (is (.startsWith "abcde" "ab"))
You can type an "is" expression directly at the REPL, which will print a message if it fails.
user> (is (= 5 (+ 2 2)))
FAIL in (:1)
expected: (= 5 (+ 2 2))
actual: (not (= 5 4))
false
The "expected:" line shows you the original expression, and the "actual:" shows you what actually happened. In this case, it shows that (+ 2 2) returned 4, which is not = to 5. Finally, the "false" on the last line is the value returned from the expression. The "is" macro always returns the result of the inner expression.
There are two special assertions for testing exceptions. The "(is (thrown? c ...))" form tests if an exception of class c is thrown:
(is (thrown? ArithmeticException (/ 1 0)))
"(is (thrown-with-msg? c re ...))" does the same thing and also tests that the message on the exception matches the regular expression re:
(is (thrown-with-msg? ArithmeticException #"Divide by zero" (/ 1 0)))
DOCUMENTING TESTS
"is" takes an optional second argument, a string describing the assertion. This message will be included in the error report.
(is (= 5 (+ 2 2)) "Crazy arithmetic")
In addition, you can document groups of assertions with the "testing" macro, which takes a string followed by any number of assertions. The string will be included in failure reports. Calls to "testing" may be nested, and all of the strings will be joined together with spaces in the final report, in a style similar to RSpec http://rspec.info/
(testing "Arithmetic" (testing "with positive integers" (is (= 4 (+ 2 2))) (is (= 7 (+ 3 4)))) (testing "with negative integers" (is (= -4 (+ -2 -2))) (is (= -1 (+ 3 -4)))))
Note that, unlike RSpec, the "testing" macro may only be used INSIDE a "deftest" or "with-test" form (see below).
DEFINING TESTS
There are two ways to define tests. The "with-test" macro takes a defn or def form as its first argument, followed by any number of assertions. The tests will be stored as metadata on the definition.
(with-test (defn my-function [x y] (+ x y)) (is (= 4 (my-function 2 2))) (is (= 7 (my-function 3 4))))
As of Clojure SVN rev. 1221, this does not work with defmacro. See http://code.google.com/p/clojure/issues/detail?id=51
The other way lets you define tests separately from the rest of your code, even in a different namespace:
(deftest addition (is (= 4 (+ 2 2))) (is (= 7 (+ 3 4))))
(deftest subtraction (is (= 1 (- 4 3))) (is (= 3 (- 7 4))))
This creates functions named "addition" and "subtraction", which can be called like any other function. Therefore, tests can be grouped and composed, in a style similar to the test framework in Peter Seibel's "Practical Common Lisp" http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/practical-building-a-unit-test-framework.html
(deftest arithmetic (addition) (subtraction))
The names of the nested tests will be joined in a list, like "(arithmetic addition)", in failure reports. You can use nested tests to set up a context shared by several tests.
RUNNING TESTS
Run tests with the function "(run-tests namespaces...)":
(run-tests 'your.namespace 'some.other.namespace)
If you don't specify any namespaces, the current namespace is used. To run all tests in all namespaces, use "(run-all-tests)".
By default, these functions will search for all tests defined in a namespace and run them in an undefined order. However, if you are composing tests, as in the "arithmetic" example above, you probably do not want the "addition" and "subtraction" tests run separately. In that case, you must define a special function named "test-ns-hook" that runs your tests in the correct order:
(defn test-ns-hook [] (arithmetic))
Note: test-ns-hook prevents execution of fixtures (see below).
OMITTING TESTS FROM PRODUCTION CODE
You can bind the variable "load-tests" to false when loading or compiling code in production. This will prevent any tests from being created by "with-test" or "deftest".
FIXTURES
Fixtures allow you to run code before and after tests, to set up the context in which tests should be run.
A fixture is just a function that calls another function passed as an argument. It looks like this:
(defn my-fixture [f] Perform setup, establish bindings, whatever. (f) Then call the function we were passed. Tear-down / clean-up code here. )
Fixtures are attached to namespaces in one of two ways. "each" fixtures are run repeatedly, once for each test function created with "deftest" or "with-test". "each" fixtures are useful for establishing a consistent before/after state for each test, like clearing out database tables.
"each" fixtures can be attached to the current namespace like this: (use-fixtures :each fixture1 fixture2 ...) The fixture1, fixture2 are just functions like the example above. They can also be anonymous functions, like this: (use-fixtures :each (fn [f] setup... (f) cleanup...))
The other kind of fixture, a "once" fixture, is only run once, around ALL the tests in the namespace. "once" fixtures are useful for tasks that only need to be performed once, like establishing database connections, or for time-consuming tasks.
Attach "once" fixtures to the current namespace like this: (use-fixtures :once fixture1 fixture2 ...)
Note: Fixtures and test-ns-hook are mutually incompatible. If you are using test-ns-hook, fixture functions will never be run.
SAVING TEST OUTPUT TO A FILE
All the test reporting functions write to the var test-out. By default, this is the same as out, but you can rebind it to any PrintWriter. For example, it could be a file opened with clojure.java.io/writer.
EXTENDING TEST-IS (ADVANCED)
You can extend the behavior of the "is" macro by defining new methods for the "assert-expr" multimethod. These methods are called during expansion of the "is" macro, so they should return quoted forms to be evaluated.
You can plug in your own test-reporting framework by rebinding the "report" function: (report event)
The 'event' argument is a map. It will always have a :type key, whose value will be a keyword signaling the type of event being reported. Standard events with :type value of :pass, :fail, and :error are called when an assertion passes, fails, and throws an exception, respectively. In that case, the event will also have the following keys:
:expected The form that was expected to be true :actual A form representing what actually occurred :message The string message given as an argument to 'is'
The "testing" strings will be a list in "testing-contexts", and the vars being tested will be a list in "testing-vars".
Your "report" function should wrap any printing calls in the "with-test-out" macro, which rebinds out to the current value of test-out.
For additional event types, see the examples in the code.
A unit testing framework.
ASSERTIONS
The core of the library is the "is" macro, which lets you make
assertions of any arbitrary expression:
(is (= 4 (+ 2 2)))
(is (instance? Integer 256))
(is (.startsWith "abcde" "ab"))
You can type an "is" expression directly at the REPL, which will
print a message if it fails.
user> (is (= 5 (+ 2 2)))
FAIL in (:1)
expected: (= 5 (+ 2 2))
actual: (not (= 5 4))
false
The "expected:" line shows you the original expression, and the
"actual:" shows you what actually happened. In this case, it
shows that (+ 2 2) returned 4, which is not = to 5. Finally, the
"false" on the last line is the value returned from the
expression. The "is" macro always returns the result of the
inner expression.
There are two special assertions for testing exceptions. The
"(is (thrown? c ...))" form tests if an exception of class c is
thrown:
(is (thrown? ArithmeticException (/ 1 0)))
"(is (thrown-with-msg? c re ...))" does the same thing and also
tests that the message on the exception matches the regular
expression re:
(is (thrown-with-msg? ArithmeticException #"Divide by zero"
(/ 1 0)))
DOCUMENTING TESTS
"is" takes an optional second argument, a string describing the
assertion. This message will be included in the error report.
(is (= 5 (+ 2 2)) "Crazy arithmetic")
In addition, you can document groups of assertions with the
"testing" macro, which takes a string followed by any number of
assertions. The string will be included in failure reports.
Calls to "testing" may be nested, and all of the strings will be
joined together with spaces in the final report, in a style
similar to RSpec <http://rspec.info/>
(testing "Arithmetic"
(testing "with positive integers"
(is (= 4 (+ 2 2)))
(is (= 7 (+ 3 4))))
(testing "with negative integers"
(is (= -4 (+ -2 -2)))
(is (= -1 (+ 3 -4)))))
Note that, unlike RSpec, the "testing" macro may only be used
INSIDE a "deftest" or "with-test" form (see below).
DEFINING TESTS
There are two ways to define tests. The "with-test" macro takes
a defn or def form as its first argument, followed by any number
of assertions. The tests will be stored as metadata on the
definition.
(with-test
(defn my-function [x y]
(+ x y))
(is (= 4 (my-function 2 2)))
(is (= 7 (my-function 3 4))))
As of Clojure SVN rev. 1221, this does not work with defmacro.
See http://code.google.com/p/clojure/issues/detail?id=51
The other way lets you define tests separately from the rest of
your code, even in a different namespace:
(deftest addition
(is (= 4 (+ 2 2)))
(is (= 7 (+ 3 4))))
(deftest subtraction
(is (= 1 (- 4 3)))
(is (= 3 (- 7 4))))
This creates functions named "addition" and "subtraction", which
can be called like any other function. Therefore, tests can be
grouped and composed, in a style similar to the test framework in
Peter Seibel's "Practical Common Lisp"
<http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/practical-building-a-unit-test-framework.html>
(deftest arithmetic
(addition)
(subtraction))
The names of the nested tests will be joined in a list, like
"(arithmetic addition)", in failure reports. You can use nested
tests to set up a context shared by several tests.
RUNNING TESTS
Run tests with the function "(run-tests namespaces...)":
(run-tests 'your.namespace 'some.other.namespace)
If you don't specify any namespaces, the current namespace is
used. To run all tests in all namespaces, use "(run-all-tests)".
By default, these functions will search for all tests defined in
a namespace and run them in an undefined order. However, if you
are composing tests, as in the "arithmetic" example above, you
probably do not want the "addition" and "subtraction" tests run
separately. In that case, you must define a special function
named "test-ns-hook" that runs your tests in the correct order:
(defn test-ns-hook []
(arithmetic))
Note: test-ns-hook prevents execution of fixtures (see below).
OMITTING TESTS FROM PRODUCTION CODE
You can bind the variable "*load-tests*" to false when loading or
compiling code in production. This will prevent any tests from
being created by "with-test" or "deftest".
FIXTURES
Fixtures allow you to run code before and after tests, to set up
the context in which tests should be run.
A fixture is just a function that calls another function passed as
an argument. It looks like this:
(defn my-fixture [f]
Perform setup, establish bindings, whatever.
(f) Then call the function we were passed.
Tear-down / clean-up code here.
)
Fixtures are attached to namespaces in one of two ways. "each"
fixtures are run repeatedly, once for each test function created
with "deftest" or "with-test". "each" fixtures are useful for
establishing a consistent before/after state for each test, like
clearing out database tables.
"each" fixtures can be attached to the current namespace like this:
(use-fixtures :each fixture1 fixture2 ...)
The fixture1, fixture2 are just functions like the example above.
They can also be anonymous functions, like this:
(use-fixtures :each (fn [f] setup... (f) cleanup...))
The other kind of fixture, a "once" fixture, is only run once,
around ALL the tests in the namespace. "once" fixtures are useful
for tasks that only need to be performed once, like establishing
database connections, or for time-consuming tasks.
Attach "once" fixtures to the current namespace like this:
(use-fixtures :once fixture1 fixture2 ...)
Note: Fixtures and test-ns-hook are mutually incompatible. If you
are using test-ns-hook, fixture functions will *never* be run.
SAVING TEST OUTPUT TO A FILE
All the test reporting functions write to the var *test-out*. By
default, this is the same as *out*, but you can rebind it to any
PrintWriter. For example, it could be a file opened with
clojure.java.io/writer.
EXTENDING TEST-IS (ADVANCED)
You can extend the behavior of the "is" macro by defining new
methods for the "assert-expr" multimethod. These methods are
called during expansion of the "is" macro, so they should return
quoted forms to be evaluated.
You can plug in your own test-reporting framework by rebinding
the "report" function: (report event)
The 'event' argument is a map. It will always have a :type key,
whose value will be a keyword signaling the type of event being
reported. Standard events with :type value of :pass, :fail, and
:error are called when an assertion passes, fails, and throws an
exception, respectively. In that case, the event will also have
the following keys:
:expected The form that was expected to be true
:actual A form representing what actually occurred
:message The string message given as an argument to 'is'
The "testing" strings will be a list in "*testing-contexts*", and
the vars being tested will be a list in "*testing-vars*".
Your "report" function should wrap any printing calls in the
"with-test-out" macro, which rebinds *out* to the current value
of *test-out*.
For additional event types, see the examples in the code.*load-tests*clj
True by default. If set to false, no test functions will be created by deftest, set-test, or with-test. Use this to omit tests when compiling or loading production code.
True by default. If set to false, no test functions will be created by deftest, set-test, or with-test. Use this to omit tests when compiling or loading production code.
*stack-trace-depth*clj
The maximum depth of stack traces to print when an Exception is thrown during a test. Defaults to nil, which means print the complete stack trace.
The maximum depth of stack traces to print when an Exception is thrown during a test. Defaults to nil, which means print the complete stack trace.
arecljmacro
(are argv expr & args)Checks multiple assertions with a template expression. See clojure.template/do-template for an explanation of templates.
Example: (are [x y] (= x y)
2 (+ 1 1)
4 (* 2 2))
Expands to:
(do (is (= 2 (+ 1 1)))
(is (= 4 (* 2 2))))
Note: This breaks some reporting features, such as line numbers.
Checks multiple assertions with a template expression.
See clojure.template/do-template for an explanation of
templates.
Example: (are [x y] (= x y)
2 (+ 1 1)
4 (* 2 2))
Expands to:
(do (is (= 2 (+ 1 1)))
(is (= 4 (* 2 2))))
Note: This breaks some reporting features, such as line numbers.assert-anyclj
(assert-any msg form)Returns generic assertion code for any test, including macros, Java method calls, or isolated symbols.
Returns generic assertion code for any test, including macros, Java method calls, or isolated symbols.
assert-predicateclj
(assert-predicate msg form)Returns generic assertion code for any functional predicate. The 'expected' argument to 'report' will contains the original form, the 'actual' argument will contain the form with all its sub-forms evaluated. If the predicate returns false, the 'actual' form will be wrapped in (not...).
Returns generic assertion code for any functional predicate. The 'expected' argument to 'report' will contains the original form, the 'actual' argument will contain the form with all its sub-forms evaluated. If the predicate returns false, the 'actual' form will be wrapped in (not...).
compose-fixturesclj
(compose-fixtures f1 f2)Composes two fixture functions, creating a new fixture function that combines their behavior.
Composes two fixture functions, creating a new fixture function that combines their behavior.
deftestcljmacro
(deftest name & body)Defines a test function with no arguments. Test functions may call other tests, so tests may be composed. If you compose tests, you should also define a function named test-ns-hook; run-tests will call test-ns-hook instead of testing all vars.
Note: Actually, the test body goes in the :test metadata on the var, and the real function (the value of the var) calls test-var on itself.
When load-tests is false, deftest is ignored.
Defines a test function with no arguments. Test functions may call other tests, so tests may be composed. If you compose tests, you should also define a function named test-ns-hook; run-tests will call test-ns-hook instead of testing all vars. Note: Actually, the test body goes in the :test metadata on the var, and the real function (the value of the var) calls test-var on itself. When *load-tests* is false, deftest is ignored.
deftest-cljmacro
(deftest- name & body)Like deftest but creates a private var.
Like deftest but creates a private var.
do-reportclj
(do-report m)Add file and line information to a test result and call report. If you are writing a custom assert-expr method, call this function to pass test results to report.
Add file and line information to a test result and call report. If you are writing a custom assert-expr method, call this function to pass test results to report.
file-positioncljdeprecated
(file-position n)Returns a vector [filename line-number] for the nth call up the stack.
Deprecated in 1.2: The information needed for test reporting is now on :file and :line keys in the result map.
Returns a vector [filename line-number] for the nth call up the stack. Deprecated in 1.2: The information needed for test reporting is now on :file and :line keys in the result map.
function?clj
(function? x)Returns true if argument is a function or a symbol that resolves to a function (not a macro).
Returns true if argument is a function or a symbol that resolves to a function (not a macro).
get-possibly-unbound-varclj
(get-possibly-unbound-var v)Like var-get but returns nil if the var is unbound.
Like var-get but returns nil if the var is unbound.
inc-report-counterclj
(inc-report-counter name)Increments the named counter in report-counters, a ref to a map. Does nothing if report-counters is nil.
Increments the named counter in *report-counters*, a ref to a map. Does nothing if *report-counters* is nil.
iscljmacro
(is form)(is form msg)Generic assertion macro. 'form' is any predicate test. 'msg' is an optional message to attach to the assertion.
Example: (is (= 4 (+ 2 2)) "Two plus two should be 4")
Special forms:
(is (thrown? c body)) checks that an instance of c is thrown from body, fails if not; then returns the thing thrown.
(is (thrown-with-msg? c re body)) checks that an instance of c is thrown AND that the message on the exception matches (with re-find) the regular expression re.
Generic assertion macro. 'form' is any predicate test. 'msg' is an optional message to attach to the assertion. Example: (is (= 4 (+ 2 2)) "Two plus two should be 4") Special forms: (is (thrown? c body)) checks that an instance of c is thrown from body, fails if not; then returns the thing thrown. (is (thrown-with-msg? c re body)) checks that an instance of c is thrown AND that the message on the exception matches (with re-find) the regular expression re.
join-fixturesclj
(join-fixtures fixtures)Composes a collection of fixtures, in order. Always returns a valid fixture function, even if the collection is empty.
Composes a collection of fixtures, in order. Always returns a valid fixture function, even if the collection is empty.
reportcljmultimethod
Generic reporting function, may be overridden to plug in different report formats (e.g., TAP, JUnit). Assertions such as 'is' call 'report' to indicate results. The argument given to 'report' will be a map with a :type key. See the documentation at the top of test_is.clj for more information on the types of arguments for 'report'.
Generic reporting function, may be overridden to plug in different report formats (e.g., TAP, JUnit). Assertions such as 'is' call 'report' to indicate results. The argument given to 'report' will be a map with a :type key. See the documentation at the top of test_is.clj for more information on the types of arguments for 'report'.
run-all-testsclj
(run-all-tests)(run-all-tests re)Runs all tests in all namespaces; prints results. Optional argument is a regular expression; only namespaces with names matching the regular expression (with re-matches) will be tested.
Runs all tests in all namespaces; prints results. Optional argument is a regular expression; only namespaces with names matching the regular expression (with re-matches) will be tested.
run-testcljmacro
(run-test test-symbol)Runs a single test.
Because the intent is to run a single test, there is no check for the namespace test-ns-hook.
Runs a single test. Because the intent is to run a single test, there is no check for the namespace test-ns-hook.
run-test-varclj
(run-test-var v)Runs the tests for a single Var, with fixtures executed around the test, and summary output after.
Runs the tests for a single Var, with fixtures executed around the test, and summary output after.
run-testsclj
(run-tests)(run-tests & namespaces)Runs all tests in the given namespaces; prints results. Defaults to current namespace if none given. Returns a map summarizing test results.
Runs all tests in the given namespaces; prints results. Defaults to current namespace if none given. Returns a map summarizing test results.
set-testcljmacro
(set-test name & body)Experimental. Sets :test metadata of the named var to a fn with the given body. The var must already exist. Does not modify the value of the var.
When load-tests is false, set-test is ignored.
Experimental. Sets :test metadata of the named var to a fn with the given body. The var must already exist. Does not modify the value of the var. When *load-tests* is false, set-test is ignored.
successful?clj
(successful? summary)Returns true if the given test summary indicates all tests were successful, false otherwise.
Returns true if the given test summary indicates all tests were successful, false otherwise.
test-all-varsclj
(test-all-vars ns)Calls test-vars on every var interned in the namespace, with fixtures.
Calls test-vars on every var interned in the namespace, with fixtures.
test-nsclj
(test-ns ns)If the namespace defines a function named test-ns-hook, calls that. Otherwise, calls test-all-vars on the namespace. 'ns' is a namespace object or a symbol.
Internally binds report-counters to a ref initialized to initial-report-counters. Returns the final, dereferenced state of report-counters.
If the namespace defines a function named test-ns-hook, calls that. Otherwise, calls test-all-vars on the namespace. 'ns' is a namespace object or a symbol. Internally binds *report-counters* to a ref initialized to *initial-report-counters*. Returns the final, dereferenced state of *report-counters*.
test-varclj
(test-var v)If v has a function in its :test metadata, calls that function, with testing-vars bound to (conj testing-vars v).
If v has a function in its :test metadata, calls that function, with *testing-vars* bound to (conj *testing-vars* v).
test-varsclj
(test-vars vars)Groups vars by their namespace and runs test-var on them with appropriate fixtures applied.
Groups vars by their namespace and runs test-var on them with appropriate fixtures applied.
testingcljmacro
(testing string & body)Adds a new string to the list of testing contexts. May be nested, but must occur inside a test function (deftest).
Adds a new string to the list of testing contexts. May be nested, but must occur inside a test function (deftest).
testing-contexts-strclj
(testing-contexts-str)Returns a string representation of the current test context. Joins strings in testing-contexts with spaces.
Returns a string representation of the current test context. Joins strings in *testing-contexts* with spaces.
testing-vars-strclj
(testing-vars-str m)Returns a string representation of the current test. Renders names in testing-vars as a list, then the source file and line of current assertion.
Returns a string representation of the current test. Renders names in *testing-vars* as a list, then the source file and line of current assertion.
try-exprcljmacro
(try-expr msg form)Used by the 'is' macro to catch unexpected exceptions. You don't call this.
Used by the 'is' macro to catch unexpected exceptions. You don't call this.
use-fixturescljmultimethod
Wrap test runs in a fixture function to perform setup and teardown. Using a fixture-type of :each wraps every test individually, while :once wraps the whole run in a single function.
Wrap test runs in a fixture function to perform setup and teardown. Using a fixture-type of :each wraps every test individually, while :once wraps the whole run in a single function.
with-testcljmacro
(with-test definition & body)Takes any definition form (that returns a Var) as the first argument. Remaining body goes in the :test metadata function for that Var.
When load-tests is false, only evaluates the definition, ignoring the tests.
Takes any definition form (that returns a Var) as the first argument. Remaining body goes in the :test metadata function for that Var. When *load-tests* is false, only evaluates the definition, ignoring the tests.
with-test-outcljmacro
(with-test-out & body)Runs body with out bound to the value of test-out.
Runs body with *out* bound to the value of *test-out*.
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