CB-07: Timestamps and Dates

Spark (and thus Geni) has many timestamp and datetime functions - for more detail, check out Spark's SQL functions docs. In this part, we look into one particular case of handling Unix timestamps. As usual, we get the data from the Pandas Cookbook on the author's popularity-contest file. The explanation of the data can be found here.

As in every part, we start with Geni and the download-data! function from part 1:

(require '[clojure.java.io :as io])
(require '[zero-one.geni.core :as g])

(defn download-data! [source-url target-path]
  (if (.exists (io/file target-path))
    :already-exists
    (do
      (io/make-parents target-path)
      (with-open [in (io/input-stream source-url)]
        (io/copy in (io/file target-path)))
      :downloaded)))

Then we download the data:

(def popularity-contest-data-url
  "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jvns/pandas-cookbook/80817f5a46ef6d2f8444eeb7181e00c0aabb5a57/cookbook/data/popularity-contest")

(def popularity-contest-data-path
  "data/cookbook/popularity-contest.csv")

(download-data! popularity-contest-data-url popularity-contest-data-path)
; :downloaded

We load, rename and remove the final row, which should not be part of the dataset:

(def popularity-contest
  (-> (g/read-csv! popularity-contest-data-path {:delimiter " "})
      (g/to-df :access-time :creation-time :package-name :mru-program :tag)
      (g/remove (g/= :access-time (g/lit "END-POPULARITY-CONTEST-0")))))

(g/print-schema popularity-contest)
;; =stdout=>
; root
;  |-- access-time: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- creation-time: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- package-name: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- mru-program: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- tag: string (nullable = true)

(-> popularity-contest (g/limit 5) g/show)
;; =stdout=>
; +-----------+-------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
; |access-time|creation-time|package-name|mru-program                                 |tag           |
; +-----------+-------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
; |1387295797 |1367633260   |perl-base   |/usr/bin/perl                               |NULL          |
; |1387295796 |1354370480   |login       |/bin/su                                     |NULL          |
; |1387295743 |1354341275   |libtalloc2  |/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtalloc.so.2.0.7|NULL          |
; |1387295743 |1387224204   |libwbclient0|/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwbclient.so.0  |<RECENT-CTIME>|
; |1387295742 |1354341253   |libselinux1 |/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1       |NULL          |
; +-----------+-------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+

7.1 Parsing Timestamps

The function g/to-timestamp expects an integer of the Unix timestamp. Since the times are parsed as strings, we must first cast the column to integer before invoking the function:

(def formatted-popularity-contest
  (-> popularity-contest
      (g/with-column :access-time (g/to-timestamp (g/int :access-time)))
      (g/with-column :creation-time (g/to-timestamp (g/int :creation-time)))))

(g/print-schema formatted-popularity-contest)
;; =stdout=>
; root
;  |-- access-time: timestamp (nullable = true)
;  |-- creation-time: timestamp (nullable = true)
;  |-- package-name: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- mru-program: string (nullable = true)
;  |-- tag: string (nullable = true)

(-> formatted-popularity-contest (g/limit 5) g/show)
;; =stdout=>
; +-------------------+-------------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
; |access-time        |creation-time      |package-name|mru-program                                 |tag           |
; +-------------------+-------------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
; |2013-12-17 15:56:37|2013-05-04 02:07:40|perl-base   |/usr/bin/perl                               |NULL          |
; |2013-12-17 15:56:36|2012-12-01 14:01:20|login       |/bin/su                                     |NULL          |
; |2013-12-17 15:55:43|2012-12-01 05:54:35|libtalloc2  |/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtalloc.so.2.0.7|NULL          |
; |2013-12-17 15:55:43|2013-12-16 20:03:24|libwbclient0|/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwbclient.so.0  |<RECENT-CTIME>|
; |2013-12-17 15:55:42|2012-12-01 05:54:13|libselinux1 |/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1       |NULL          |
; +-------------------+-------------------+------------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+

7.2 Flagging Timestamp Zero

When we look into the distribution of the timestamps, a significant proportion of the time is in year 1970, which corresponds to the epoch or timestamp zero:

(-> formatted-popularity-contest
    (g/select (g/year :access-time))
    g/value-counts
    g/show)
;; =stdout=>
; +-----------------+-----+
; |year(access-time)|count|
; +-----------------+-----+
; |2013             |1861 |
; |1970             |799  |
; |2012             |203  |
; |2011             |28   |
; |2010             |5    |
; |2008             |1    |
; +-----------------+-----+

Luckily, timestamps support comparisons such as g/<:

(def cleaned-popularity-contest
  (g/remove formatted-popularity-contest (g/< :access-time (g/to-timestamp 1))))

(-> cleaned-popularity-contest
    (g/select (g/year :access-time))
    g/value-counts
    g/show)
;; =stdout=>
; +-----------------+-----+
; |year(access-time)|count|
; +-----------------+-----+
; |2013             |1861 |
; |2012             |203  |
; |2011             |28   |
; |2010             |5    |
; |2008             |1    |
; +-----------------+-----+