A scalable concurrent NavigableSet implementation based on a ConcurrentSkipListMap. The elements of the set are kept sorted according to their java.lang.natural ordering, or by a Comparator provided at set creation time, depending on which constructor is used.
This implementation provides expected average log(n) time cost for the contains, add, and remove operations and their variants. Insertion, removal, and access operations safely execute concurrently by multiple threads.
Iterators and spliterators are weakly consistent.
Ascending ordered views and their iterators are faster than descending ones.
Beware that, unlike in most collections, the size method is not a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these sets, determining the current number of elements requires a traversal of the elements, and so may report inaccurate results if this collection is modified during traversal. Additionally, the bulk operations addAll, removeAll, retainAll, containsAll, equals, and toArray are not guaranteed to be performed atomically. For example, an iterator operating concurrently with an addAll operation might view only some of the added elements.
This class and its iterators implement all of the optional methods of the Set and Iterator interfaces. Like most other concurrent collection implementations, this class does not permit the use of null elements, because null arguments and return values cannot be reliably distinguished from the absence of elements.
This class is a member of the
Java Collections Framework.
A scalable concurrent NavigableSet implementation based on a ConcurrentSkipListMap. The elements of the set are kept sorted according to their java.lang.natural ordering, or by a Comparator provided at set creation time, depending on which constructor is used. This implementation provides expected average log(n) time cost for the contains, add, and remove operations and their variants. Insertion, removal, and access operations safely execute concurrently by multiple threads. Iterators and spliterators are weakly consistent. Ascending ordered views and their iterators are faster than descending ones. Beware that, unlike in most collections, the size method is not a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these sets, determining the current number of elements requires a traversal of the elements, and so may report inaccurate results if this collection is modified during traversal. Additionally, the bulk operations addAll, removeAll, retainAll, containsAll, equals, and toArray are not guaranteed to be performed atomically. For example, an iterator operating concurrently with an addAll operation might view only some of the added elements. This class and its iterators implement all of the optional methods of the Set and Iterator interfaces. Like most other concurrent collection implementations, this class does not permit the use of null elements, because null arguments and return values cannot be reliably distinguished from the absence of elements. This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
(->concurrent-skip-list-set)
(->concurrent-skip-list-set comparator)
Constructor.
Constructs a new, empty set that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
comparator - the comparator that will be used to order this set. If null, the java.lang.natural ordering of the elements will be used. - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Constructor. Constructs a new, empty set that orders its elements according to the specified comparator. comparator - the comparator that will be used to order this set. If null, the java.lang.natural ordering of the elements will be used. - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(add this e)
Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present. More formally, adds the specified element e to this set if the set contains no element e2 such that e.equals(e2). If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set unchanged and returns false.
e - element to be added to this set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
returns: true if this set did not already contain the
specified element - boolean
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if e cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present. More formally, adds the specified element e to this set if the set contains no element e2 such that e.equals(e2). If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set unchanged and returns false. e - element to be added to this set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` returns: true if this set did not already contain the specified element - `boolean` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if e cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
(ceiling this e)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
e - the value to match - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
returns: the least element greater than or equal to e,
or null if there is no such element - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet e - the value to match - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` returns: the least element greater than or equal to e, or null if there is no such element - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
(clear this)
Removes all of the elements from this set.
Removes all of the elements from this set.
(clone this)
Returns a shallow copy of this ConcurrentSkipListSet instance. (The elements themselves are not cloned.)
returns: a shallow copy of this set - java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Returns a shallow copy of this ConcurrentSkipListSet instance. (The elements themselves are not cloned.) returns: a shallow copy of this set - `java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(comparator this)
Description copied from interface: SortedSet
returns: the comparator used to order the elements in this set,
or null if this set uses the natural ordering
of its elements - java.util.Comparator<? super ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Description copied from interface: SortedSet returns: the comparator used to order the elements in this set, or null if this set uses the natural ordering of its elements - `java.util.Comparator<? super ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(contains this o)
Returns true if this set contains the specified element. More formally, returns true if and only if this set contains an element e such that o.equals(e).
o - object to be checked for containment in this set - java.lang.Object
returns: true if this set contains the specified element - boolean
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
Returns true if this set contains the specified element. More formally, returns true if and only if this set contains an element e such that o.equals(e). o - object to be checked for containment in this set - `java.lang.Object` returns: true if this set contains the specified element - `boolean` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
(descending-iterator this)
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order.
returns: an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order - java.util.Iterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order. returns: an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order - `java.util.Iterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(descending-set this)
Returns a reverse order view of the elements contained in this set. The descending set is backed by this set, so changes to the set are reflected in the descending set, and vice-versa.
The returned set has an ordering equivalent to Collections.reverseOrder(comparator()). The expression s.descendingSet().descendingSet() returns a view of s essentially equivalent to s.
returns: a reverse order view of this set - java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Returns a reverse order view of the elements contained in this set. The descending set is backed by this set, so changes to the set are reflected in the descending set, and vice-versa. The returned set has an ordering equivalent to Collections.reverseOrder(comparator()). The expression s.descendingSet().descendingSet() returns a view of s essentially equivalent to s. returns: a reverse order view of this set - `java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(empty? this)
Returns true if this set contains no elements.
returns: true if this set contains no elements - boolean
Returns true if this set contains no elements. returns: true if this set contains no elements - `boolean`
(equals this o)
Compares the specified object with this set for equality. Returns true if the specified object is also a set, the two sets have the same size, and every member of the specified set is contained in this set (or equivalently, every member of this set is contained in the specified set). This definition ensures that the equals method works properly across different implementations of the set interface.
o - the object to be compared for equality with this set - java.lang.Object
returns: true if the specified object is equal to this set - boolean
Compares the specified object with this set for equality. Returns true if the specified object is also a set, the two sets have the same size, and every member of the specified set is contained in this set (or equivalently, every member of this set is contained in the specified set). This definition ensures that the equals method works properly across different implementations of the set interface. o - the object to be compared for equality with this set - `java.lang.Object` returns: true if the specified object is equal to this set - `boolean`
(first this)
Description copied from interface: SortedSet
returns: the first (lowest) element currently in this set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.util.NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty
Description copied from interface: SortedSet returns: the first (lowest) element currently in this set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.util.NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty
(floor this e)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
e - the value to match - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
returns: the greatest element less than or equal to e,
or null if there is no such element - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet e - the value to match - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` returns: the greatest element less than or equal to e, or null if there is no such element - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
(head-set this to-element)
(head-set this to-element inclusive)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
to-element - high endpoint of the returned set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
inclusive - true if the high endpoint is to be included in the returned view - boolean
returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than
(or equal to, if inclusive is true) toElement - java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if toElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet to-element - high endpoint of the returned set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` inclusive - true if the high endpoint is to be included in the returned view - `boolean` returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than (or equal to, if inclusive is true) toElement - `java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if toElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
(higher this e)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
e - the value to match - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
returns: the least element greater than e,
or null if there is no such element - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet e - the value to match - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` returns: the least element greater than e, or null if there is no such element - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
(iterator this)
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order.
returns: an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order - java.util.Iterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order. returns: an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order - `java.util.Iterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(last this)
Description copied from interface: SortedSet
returns: the last (highest) element currently in this set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.util.NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty
Description copied from interface: SortedSet returns: the last (highest) element currently in this set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.util.NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty
(lower this e)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
e - the value to match - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
returns: the greatest element less than e,
or null if there is no such element - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet e - the value to match - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` returns: the greatest element less than e, or null if there is no such element - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be compared with the elements currently in the set
(poll-first this)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
returns: the first element, or null if this set is empty - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet returns: the first element, or null if this set is empty - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E`
(poll-last this)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
returns: the last element, or null if this set is empty - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet returns: the last element, or null if this set is empty - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E`
(remove this o)
Removes the specified element from this set if it is present. More formally, removes an element e such that o.equals(e), if this set contains such an element. Returns true if this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set changed as a result of the call). (This set will not contain the element once the call returns.)
o - object to be removed from this set, if present - java.lang.Object
returns: true if this set contained the specified element - boolean
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if o cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
Removes the specified element from this set if it is present. More formally, removes an element e such that o.equals(e), if this set contains such an element. Returns true if this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set changed as a result of the call). (This set will not contain the element once the call returns.) o - object to be removed from this set, if present - `java.lang.Object` returns: true if this set contained the specified element - `boolean` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if o cannot be compared with the elements currently in this set
(remove-all this c)
Removes from this set all of its elements that are contained in the specified collection. If the specified collection is also a set, this operation effectively modifies this set so that its value is the asymmetric set difference of the two sets.
c - collection containing elements to be removed from this set - java.util.Collection<?>
returns: true if this set changed as a result of the call - boolean
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the types of one or more elements in this set are incompatible with the specified collection
Removes from this set all of its elements that are contained in the specified collection. If the specified collection is also a set, this operation effectively modifies this set so that its value is the asymmetric set difference of the two sets. c - collection containing elements to be removed from this set - `java.util.Collection<?>` returns: true if this set changed as a result of the call - `boolean` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if the types of one or more elements in this set are incompatible with the specified collection
(size this)
Returns the number of elements in this set. If this set contains more than Integer.MAX_VALUE elements, it returns Integer.MAX_VALUE.
Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is NOT a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these sets, determining the current number of elements requires traversing them all to count them. Additionally, it is possible for the size to change during execution of this method, in which case the returned result will be inaccurate. Thus, this method is typically not very useful in concurrent applications.
returns: the number of elements in this set - int
Returns the number of elements in this set. If this set contains more than Integer.MAX_VALUE elements, it returns Integer.MAX_VALUE. Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is NOT a constant-time operation. Because of the asynchronous nature of these sets, determining the current number of elements requires traversing them all to count them. Additionally, it is possible for the size to change during execution of this method, in which case the returned result will be inaccurate. Thus, this method is typically not very useful in concurrent applications. returns: the number of elements in this set - `int`
(spliterator this)
Returns a Spliterator over the elements in this set.
The Spliterator reports Spliterator.CONCURRENT, Spliterator.NONNULL, Spliterator.DISTINCT, Spliterator.SORTED and Spliterator.ORDERED, with an encounter order that is ascending order. Overriding implementations should document the reporting of additional characteristic values.
The spliterator's comparator (see Spliterator.getComparator()) is null if the set's comparator (see comparator()) is null. Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator is the same as or imposes the same total ordering as the set's comparator.
returns: a Spliterator over the elements in this set - java.util.Spliterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
Returns a Spliterator over the elements in this set. The Spliterator reports Spliterator.CONCURRENT, Spliterator.NONNULL, Spliterator.DISTINCT, Spliterator.SORTED and Spliterator.ORDERED, with an encounter order that is ascending order. Overriding implementations should document the reporting of additional characteristic values. The spliterator's comparator (see Spliterator.getComparator()) is null if the set's comparator (see comparator()) is null. Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator is the same as or imposes the same total ordering as the set's comparator. returns: a Spliterator over the elements in this set - `java.util.Spliterator<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>`
(sub-set this from-element to-element)
(sub-set this from-element from-inclusive to-element to-inclusive)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
from-element - low endpoint of the returned set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
from-inclusive - true if the low endpoint is to be included in the returned view - boolean
to-element - high endpoint of the returned set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
to-inclusive - true if the high endpoint is to be included in the returned view - boolean
returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
fromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusive - java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if fromElement and toElement cannot be compared to one another using this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using natural ordering). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement or toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet from-element - low endpoint of the returned set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` from-inclusive - true if the low endpoint is to be included in the returned view - `boolean` to-element - high endpoint of the returned set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` to-inclusive - true if the high endpoint is to be included in the returned view - `boolean` returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from fromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusive - `java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if fromElement and toElement cannot be compared to one another using this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using natural ordering). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement or toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
(tail-set this from-element)
(tail-set this from-element inclusive)
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet
from-element - low endpoint of the returned set - ConcurrentSkipListSet.E
inclusive - true if the low endpoint is to be included in the returned view - boolean
returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater
than or equal to fromElement - java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>
throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if fromElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
Description copied from interface: NavigableSet from-element - low endpoint of the returned set - `ConcurrentSkipListSet.E` inclusive - true if the low endpoint is to be included in the returned view - `boolean` returns: a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater than or equal to fromElement - `java.util.NavigableSet<ConcurrentSkipListSet.E>` throws: java.lang.ClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if fromElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
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