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jdk.util.concurrent.Executors

Factory and utility methods for Executor, ExecutorService, ScheduledExecutorService, ThreadFactory, and Callable classes defined in this package. This class supports the following kinds of methods:

Methods that create and return an ExecutorService set up with commonly useful configuration settings. Methods that create and return a ScheduledExecutorService set up with commonly useful configuration settings. Methods that create and return a wrapped ExecutorService, that disables reconfiguration by making implementation-specific methods inaccessible. Methods that create and return a ThreadFactory that sets newly created threads to a known state. Methods that create and return a Callable out of other closure-like forms, so they can be used in execution methods requiring Callable.

Factory and utility methods for Executor, ExecutorService, ScheduledExecutorService, ThreadFactory, and Callable classes defined in this
package. This class supports the following kinds of methods:


   Methods that create and return an ExecutorService
       set up with commonly useful configuration settings.
   Methods that create and return a ScheduledExecutorService
       set up with commonly useful configuration settings.
   Methods that create and return a `wrapped` ExecutorService, that
       disables reconfiguration by making implementation-specific methods
       inaccessible.
   Methods that create and return a ThreadFactory
       that sets newly created threads to a known state.
   Methods that create and return a Callable
       out of other closure-like forms, so they can be used
       in execution methods requiring Callable.
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*callableclj

(*callable task)
(*callable task result)

Returns a Callable object that, when called, runs the given task and returns the given result. This can be useful when applying methods requiring a Callable to an otherwise resultless action.

task - the task to run - java.lang.Runnable result - the result to return - T

returns: a callable object - <T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if task null

Returns a Callable object that, when
 called, runs the given task and returns the given result.  This
 can be useful when applying methods requiring a
 Callable to an otherwise resultless action.

task - the task to run - `java.lang.Runnable`
result - the result to return - `T`

returns: a callable object - `<T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if task null
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*default-thread-factoryclj

(*default-thread-factory)

Returns a default thread factory used to create new threads. This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in the same ThreadGroup. If there is a SecurityManager, it uses the group of System.getSecurityManager(), else the group of the thread invoking this defaultThreadFactory method. Each new thread is created as a non-daemon thread with priority set to the smaller of Thread.NORM_PRIORITY and the maximum priority permitted in the thread group. New threads have names accessible via Thread.getName() of pool-N-thread-M, where N is the sequence number of this factory, and M is the sequence number of the thread created by this factory.

returns: a thread factory - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

Returns a default thread factory used to create new threads.
 This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in the
 same ThreadGroup. If there is a SecurityManager, it uses the group of System.getSecurityManager(), else the group of the thread
 invoking this defaultThreadFactory method. Each new
 thread is created as a non-daemon thread with priority set to
 the smaller of Thread.NORM_PRIORITY and the maximum
 priority permitted in the thread group.  New threads have names
 accessible via Thread.getName() of
 pool-N-thread-M, where N is the sequence
 number of this factory, and M is the sequence number
 of the thread created by this factory.

returns: a thread factory - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`
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*new-cached-thread-poolclj

(*new-cached-thread-pool)
(*new-cached-thread-pool thread-factory)

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but will reuse previously constructed threads when they are available, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

returns: the newly created thread pool - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null

Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
 will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
 available, and uses the provided
 ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

returns: the newly created thread pool - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null
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*new-fixed-thread-poolclj

(*new-fixed-thread-pool n-threads)
(*new-fixed-thread-pool n-threads thread-factory)

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. At any point, at most nThreads threads will be active processing tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will exist until it is explicitly shutdown.

n-threads - the number of threads in the pool - int thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

returns: the newly created thread pool - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null

Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
 operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided
 ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.  At any point,
 at most nThreads threads will be active processing
 tasks.  If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are
 active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is
 available.  If any thread terminates due to a failure during
 execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if
 needed to execute subsequent tasks.  The threads in the pool will
 exist until it is explicitly shutdown.

n-threads - the number of threads in the pool - `int`
thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

returns: the newly created thread pool - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null
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*new-scheduled-thread-poolclj

(*new-scheduled-thread-pool core-pool-size)
(*new-scheduled-thread-pool core-pool-size thread-factory)

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.

core-pool-size - the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle - int thread-factory - the factory to use when the executor creates a new thread - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

returns: a newly created scheduled thread pool - java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService

throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if corePoolSize < 0

Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a
 given delay, or to execute periodically.

core-pool-size - the number of threads to keep in the pool, even if they are idle - `int`
thread-factory - the factory to use when the executor creates a new thread - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

returns: a newly created scheduled thread pool - `java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if corePoolSize < 0
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*new-single-thread-executorclj

(*new-single-thread-executor)
(*new-single-thread-executor thread-factory)

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

returns: the newly created single-threaded Executor - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null

Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating
 off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to
 create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise
 equivalent newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory) the
 returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use
 additional threads.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

returns: the newly created single-threaded Executor - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null
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*new-single-thread-scheduled-executorclj

(*new-single-thread-scheduled-executor)
(*new-single-thread-scheduled-executor thread-factory)

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. (Note however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent newScheduledThreadPool(1, threadFactory) the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

returns: a newly created scheduled executor - java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null

Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands
 to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.  (Note
 however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure
 during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its
 place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.)  Tasks are
 guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task
 will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise
 equivalent newScheduledThreadPool(1, threadFactory)
 the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to
 use additional threads.

thread-factory - the factory to use when creating new threads - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

returns: a newly created scheduled executor - `java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if threadFactory is null
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*new-work-stealing-poolclj

(*new-work-stealing-pool)
(*new-work-stealing-pool parallelism)

Creates a thread pool that maintains enough threads to support the given parallelism level, and may use multiple queues to reduce contention. The parallelism level corresponds to the maximum number of threads actively engaged in, or available to engage in, task processing. The actual number of threads may grow and shrink dynamically. A work-stealing pool makes no guarantees about the order in which submitted tasks are executed.

parallelism - the targeted parallelism level - int

returns: the newly created thread pool - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if parallelism <= 0

Creates a thread pool that maintains enough threads to support
 the given parallelism level, and may use multiple queues to
 reduce contention. The parallelism level corresponds to the
 maximum number of threads actively engaged in, or available to
 engage in, task processing. The actual number of threads may
 grow and shrink dynamically. A work-stealing pool makes no
 guarantees about the order in which submitted tasks are
 executed.

parallelism - the targeted parallelism level - `int`

returns: the newly created thread pool - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if parallelism <= 0
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*privileged-callableclj

(*privileged-callable callable)

Returns a Callable object that will, when called, execute the given callable under the current access control context. This method should normally be invoked within an AccessController.doPrivileged action to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the selected permission settings holding within that action; or if not possible, throw an associated AccessControlException.

callable - the underlying task - java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>

returns: a callable object - <T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if callable null

Returns a Callable object that will, when called,
 execute the given callable under the current access
 control context. This method should normally be invoked within
 an AccessController.doPrivileged
 action to create callables that will, if possible, execute
 under the selected permission settings holding within that
 action; or if not possible, throw an associated AccessControlException.

callable - the underlying task - `java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>`

returns: a callable object - `<T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if callable null
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*privileged-callable-using-current-class-loaderclj

(*privileged-callable-using-current-class-loader callable)

Returns a Callable object that will, when called, execute the given callable under the current access control context, with the current context class loader as the context class loader. This method should normally be invoked within an AccessController.doPrivileged action to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the selected permission settings holding within that action; or if not possible, throw an associated AccessControlException.

callable - the underlying task - java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>

returns: a callable object - <T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if callable null

Returns a Callable object that will, when called,
 execute the given callable under the current access
 control context, with the current context class loader as the
 context class loader. This method should normally be invoked
 within an
 AccessController.doPrivileged
 action to create callables that will, if possible, execute
 under the selected permission settings holding within that
 action; or if not possible, throw an associated AccessControlException.

callable - the underlying task - `java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>`

returns: a callable object - `<T> java.util.concurrent.Callable<T>`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if callable null
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*privileged-thread-factoryclj

(*privileged-thread-factory)

Returns a thread factory used to create new threads that have the same permissions as the current thread. This factory creates threads with the same settings as defaultThreadFactory(), additionally setting the AccessControlContext and contextClassLoader of new threads to be the same as the thread invoking this privilegedThreadFactory method. A new privilegedThreadFactory can be created within an AccessController.doPrivileged action setting the current thread's access control context to create threads with the selected permission settings holding within that action.

Note that while tasks running within such threads will have the same access control and class loader settings as the current thread, they need not have the same ThreadLocal or InheritableThreadLocal values. If necessary, particular values of thread locals can be set or reset before any task runs in ThreadPoolExecutor subclasses using ThreadPoolExecutor.beforeExecute(Thread, Runnable). Also, if it is necessary to initialize worker threads to have the same InheritableThreadLocal settings as some other designated thread, you can create a custom ThreadFactory in which that thread waits for and services requests to create others that will inherit its values.

returns: a thread factory - java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory

throws: java.security.AccessControlException - if the current access control context does not have permission to both get and set context class loader

Returns a thread factory used to create new threads that
 have the same permissions as the current thread.
 This factory creates threads with the same settings as defaultThreadFactory(), additionally setting the
 AccessControlContext and contextClassLoader of new threads to
 be the same as the thread invoking this
 privilegedThreadFactory method.  A new
 privilegedThreadFactory can be created within an
 AccessController.doPrivileged
 action setting the current thread's access control context to
 create threads with the selected permission settings holding
 within that action.

 Note that while tasks running within such threads will have
 the same access control and class loader settings as the
 current thread, they need not have the same ThreadLocal or InheritableThreadLocal values. If necessary,
 particular values of thread locals can be set or reset before
 any task runs in ThreadPoolExecutor subclasses using
 ThreadPoolExecutor.beforeExecute(Thread, Runnable).
 Also, if it is necessary to initialize worker threads to have
 the same InheritableThreadLocal settings as some other
 designated thread, you can create a custom ThreadFactory in
 which that thread waits for and services requests to create
 others that will inherit its values.

returns: a thread factory - `java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory`

throws: java.security.AccessControlException - if the current access control context does not have permission to both get and set context class loader
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*unconfigurable-executor-serviceclj

(*unconfigurable-executor-service executor)

Returns an object that delegates all defined ExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts. This provides a way to safely freeze configuration and disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

executor - the underlying implementation - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

returns: an ExecutorService instance - java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if executor null

Returns an object that delegates all defined ExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any
 other methods that might otherwise be accessible using
 casts. This provides a way to safely `freeze` configuration and
 disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

executor - the underlying implementation - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

returns: an ExecutorService instance - `java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if executor null
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*unconfigurable-scheduled-executor-serviceclj

(*unconfigurable-scheduled-executor-service executor)

Returns an object that delegates all defined ScheduledExecutorService methods to the given executor, but not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using casts. This provides a way to safely freeze configuration and disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

executor - the underlying implementation - java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService

returns: a ScheduledExecutorService instance - java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if executor null

Returns an object that delegates all defined ScheduledExecutorService methods to the given executor, but
 not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using
 casts. This provides a way to safely `freeze` configuration and
 disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.

executor - the underlying implementation - `java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService`

returns: a ScheduledExecutorService instance - `java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService`

throws: java.lang.NullPointerException - if executor null
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