This class is used to generate native system input events for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate automated testing of Java platform implementations.
Using the class to generate input events differs from posting events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the events are generated in the platform's native input queue. For example, Robot.mouseMove will actually move the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events.
Note that some platforms require special privileges or extensions to access low-level input control. If the current platform configuration does not allow input control, an AWTException will be thrown when trying to construct Robot objects. For example, X-Window systems will throw the exception if the XTEST 2.2 standard extension is not supported (or not enabled) by the X server.
Applications that use Robot for purposes other than self-testing should handle these error conditions gracefully.
This class is used to generate native system input events for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate automated testing of Java platform implementations. Using the class to generate input events differs from posting events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the events are generated in the platform's native input queue. For example, Robot.mouseMove will actually move the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events. Note that some platforms require special privileges or extensions to access low-level input control. If the current platform configuration does not allow input control, an AWTException will be thrown when trying to construct Robot objects. For example, X-Window systems will throw the exception if the XTEST 2.2 standard extension is not supported (or not enabled) by the X server. Applications that use Robot for purposes other than self-testing should handle these error conditions gracefully.
(->robot)
(->robot screen)
Constructor.
Creates a Robot for the given screen device. Coordinates passed to Robot method calls like mouseMove and createScreenCapture will be interpreted as being in the same coordinate system as the specified screen. Note that depending on the platform configuration, multiple screens may either:
share the same coordinate system to form a combined virtual screen use different coordinate systems to act as independent screens
This constructor is meant for the latter case.
If screen devices are reconfigured such that the coordinate system is affected, the behavior of existing Robot objects is undefined.
screen - A screen GraphicsDevice indicating the coordinate system the Robot will operate in. - java.awt.GraphicsDevice
throws: java.awt.AWTException - if the platform configuration does not allow low-level input control. This exception is always thrown when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true.
Constructor. Creates a Robot for the given screen device. Coordinates passed to Robot method calls like mouseMove and createScreenCapture will be interpreted as being in the same coordinate system as the specified screen. Note that depending on the platform configuration, multiple screens may either: share the same coordinate system to form a combined virtual screen use different coordinate systems to act as independent screens This constructor is meant for the latter case. If screen devices are reconfigured such that the coordinate system is affected, the behavior of existing Robot objects is undefined. screen - A screen GraphicsDevice indicating the coordinate system the Robot will operate in. - `java.awt.GraphicsDevice` throws: java.awt.AWTException - if the platform configuration does not allow low-level input control. This exception is always thrown when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true.
(auto-wait-for-idle? this)
Returns whether this Robot automatically invokes waitForIdle after generating an event.
returns: Whether waitForIdle is automatically called - boolean
Returns whether this Robot automatically invokes waitForIdle after generating an event. returns: Whether waitForIdle is automatically called - `boolean`
(create-screen-capture this screen-rect)
Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen. This image does not include the mouse cursor.
screen-rect - Rect to capture in screen coordinates - java.awt.Rectangle
returns: The captured image - java.awt.image.BufferedImage
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if screenRect width and height are not greater than zero
Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen. This image does not include the mouse cursor. screen-rect - Rect to capture in screen coordinates - `java.awt.Rectangle` returns: The captured image - `java.awt.image.BufferedImage` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if screenRect width and height are not greater than zero
(delay this ms)
Sleeps for the specified time. To catch any InterruptedExceptions that occur, Thread.sleep() may be used instead.
ms - time to sleep in milliseconds - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if ms is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
Sleeps for the specified time. To catch any InterruptedExceptions that occur, Thread.sleep() may be used instead. ms - time to sleep in milliseconds - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if ms is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
(get-auto-delay this)
Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.
returns: int
Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event. returns: `int`
(get-pixel-color this x y)
Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates.
x - X position of pixel - int
y - Y position of pixel - int
returns: Color of the pixel - java.awt.Color
Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates. x - X position of pixel - `int` y - Y position of pixel - `int` returns: Color of the pixel - `java.awt.Color`
(key-press this keycode)
Presses a given key. The key should be released using the keyRelease method.
Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT could mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key.
keycode - Key to press (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_A) - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if keycode is not a valid key
Presses a given key. The key should be released using the keyRelease method. Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT could mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key. keycode - Key to press (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_A) - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if keycode is not a valid key
(key-release this keycode)
Releases a given key.
Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT could mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key.
keycode - Key to release (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_A) - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if keycode is not a valid key
Releases a given key. Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT could mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key. keycode - Key to release (e.g. KeyEvent.VK_A) - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if keycode is not a valid key
(mouse-move this x y)
Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates.
x - X position - int
y - Y position - int
Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates. x - X position - `int` y - Y position - `int`
(mouse-press this buttons)
Presses one or more mouse buttons. The mouse buttons should be released using the mouseRelease(int) method.
buttons - the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks. It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a buttons parameter. A valid combination consists of InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK and values returned by the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method. The valid combination also depends on a Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() value as follows: If support for extended mouse buttons is disabled by Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks: InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. If support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 to MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(). It is recommended to use the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number. The following standard button masks are also accepted: InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK However, it is recommended to use InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK instead. Either extended _DOWN_MASK or old _MASK values should be used, but both those models should not be mixed. - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the buttons mask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java
Presses one or more mouse buttons. The mouse buttons should be released using the mouseRelease(int) method. buttons - the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks. It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a buttons parameter. A valid combination consists of InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK and values returned by the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method. The valid combination also depends on a Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() value as follows: If support for extended mouse buttons is disabled by Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks: InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. If support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 to MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(). It is recommended to use the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number. The following standard button masks are also accepted: InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK However, it is recommended to use InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK instead. Either extended _DOWN_MASK or old _MASK values should be used, but both those models should not be mixed. - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the buttons mask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java
(mouse-release this buttons)
Releases one or more mouse buttons.
buttons - the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks. It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a buttons parameter. A valid combination consists of InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK and values returned by the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method. The valid combination also depends on a Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() value as follows: If the support for extended mouse buttons is disabled by Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks: InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. If the support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 to MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(). It is recommended to use the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number. The following standard button masks are also accepted: InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK However, it is recommended to use InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK instead. Either extended _DOWN_MASK or old _MASK values should be used, but both those models should not be mixed. - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the buttons mask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java
Releases one or more mouse buttons. buttons - the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks. It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a buttons parameter. A valid combination consists of InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK and values returned by the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method. The valid combination also depends on a Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() value as follows: If the support for extended mouse buttons is disabled by Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks: InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. If the support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 to MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(). It is recommended to use the InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button) method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number. The following standard button masks are also accepted: InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK However, it is recommended to use InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK, InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK instead. Either extended _DOWN_MASK or old _MASK values should be used, but both those models should not be mixed. - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the buttons mask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is enabled by Java
(mouse-wheel this wheel-amt)
Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice.
wheel-amt - number of "notches" to move the mouse wheel Negative values indicate movement up/away from the user, positive values indicate movement down/towards the user. - int
Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice. wheel-amt - number of "notches" to move the mouse wheel Negative values indicate movement up/away from the user, positive values indicate movement down/towards the user. - `int`
(set-auto-delay this ms)
Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.
ms - int
throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - If ms is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event. ms - `int` throws: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - If ms is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
(set-auto-wait-for-idle this is-on)
Sets whether this Robot automatically invokes waitForIdle after generating an event.
is-on - Whether waitForIdle is automatically invoked - boolean
Sets whether this Robot automatically invokes waitForIdle after generating an event. is-on - Whether waitForIdle is automatically invoked - `boolean`
(to-string this)
Returns a string representation of this Robot.
returns: the string representation. - java.lang.String
Returns a string representation of this Robot. returns: the string representation. - `java.lang.String`
(wait-for-idle this)
Waits until all events currently on the event queue have been processed.
throws: java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException - if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
Waits until all events currently on the event queue have been processed. throws: java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException - if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
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